An efficient approach for the S‐shaped penalty function

Interval goal programming (IGP) with a marginal penalty function (PF) was first proposed by Charnes and Collomb in 1972, and further improved by Kvanli and other researchers. Recently, Lu and Chen proposed an efficient logarithmic method to formulate IGP with an S‐shaped PF. However, their method requires adding many binary variables when the problem size becomes large, which increases the computational burden in the solution process. This study proposes an efficient approach for the S‐shaped PF. The arbitrary PF frequently appears in the fields of business and industry. However, none of the previous approaches have addressed arbitrary PFs without adding binary variables. The proposed approach can be easily extended to formulate an arbitrary PF in which binary variables are no longer required, regardless of the number of break points. The proposed method can improve the efficiency of IGP for solving large size management and decision problems in considering PFs. In order to demonstrate the correctness, usefulness of the proposed model, illustrative examples are provided.     

Framework to manage multiple goals in community-based energy sharing network in smart grid

Smart grid has opened up a new role of “prosumer” in an energy value network, transforming many conventional energy consumers into prosumers, who not only generate green energy but also share the surplus with utilities and other consumers. The concept of a goal-oriented prosumer community group (PCG) has emerged recently as an effective way to fulfill sustainable energy exchange. Such community-based energy sharing networks comprise multiple irreconcilable objectives such as demand constraints, cost constraints, and income maximization. In many cases, one goal may be achievable only at the expense of other goals. This necessitates the development of an effective framework to manage the multiple goals and reduce the gap with their achievement levels. Therefore, in this research paper, an effective framework is developed to negotiate among the multiple goals and thus to define optimal mutual goals for each PCG in a more sustainable manner using multiple-criteria goal programming techniques. Simulation results are presented to illustrate how the methods work in practical situations, where each of the objective measure is given a target value and the unwanted deviations from this set are minimized in an achievement function.     

An integrated approach for sustainable supply chain planning

This paper proposes an integrated approach for transposing sustainable development principles to supply chain planning models. Inspired by research on performance measurement, we designed a method that links sustainability performance to supply chain decisions, and allows setting coherent performance measures. By transposing this method to a multi-objective mathematical programming, the supply chain planning is optimized while the economic, environmental and social performances are all coherently integrated into the model. To illustrate our approach, we applied it to a Canadian lumber industry case. We solved the mathematical model by using the weighted goal programming technique, which results in a set of “compromise” solutions allowing the decision maker to choose the alternative that reflects the balance he/she wishes to make regarding the three dimensions of sustainability.     

Investigating the wicking behavior of micro/nanofibrous core-sheath PET–PAN yarn modified by dimethyl 5-sodium sulfoisophthalate

The present research aims at imparting an improved wicking ability to the recycled multifilament yarns by wrapping composite nanofibers to attain an efficient material for filtration purposes. Therefore, polyacrylonitrile nanofibers containing dimethyl 5-sodium sulfoisophthalate nanoparticles were wrapped around the recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) yarn by means of a novel electrospinning technique. Several tests were performed to investigate the parameters affecting wicking rise and moisture regain of the samples. Taguchi method was used in two separate designs (with or without nanoparticles). Some factors such as polymer solution concentration, mass ratio of nanoparticles, take-up rate, and number of filaments were considered as the variable factors while yarn wicking rate and moisture regain were the response factors. It was found that the hydrophilic nature of nanoparticles together with the ultrafine structure of nanofibers provide yarns with enhanced wicking properties. Although solution concentration is the predominant factor in wicking rate of the yarns containing nanoparticles, the most effective factor in wicking rise and moisture regain for other cases is the number of filaments. The mechanism of nanoparticle effect on fluidic jet during electrospinning process is explained by theory of nanofluids stability which has never been validated experimentally in previous research studies. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48185.     

Approximate analytical expressions for pulse modulation response of quantum cascade lasers

Approximate analytical expressions for turn-on delay, rise time and fall time for pulse modulation of the drive current of quantum cascade lasers are presented. These time expressions are obtained using piece-wise analysis of rate equations. From the analytical expressions, the effects of laser parameters and off and on currents are discussed. A numerical analysis shows reasonable agreement with analytical results. It also confirms the predictions from analytical results. The pulse response is compared with that of near-infrared interband lasers.     

采煤机平滑靴平动固-热-力耦合特性分析

针对采煤机滑靴在推进过程中,平滑靴与刮板输送机中部槽间瞬态温度高导致接触面磨损甚至失效的问题,构建了煤粉界面层影响下动摩擦因数的平滑靴固-热-力耦合数学模型,再以试验获取的滑靴载荷作为输入,利用Comsol Multiphysics分别对干煤粉和含水煤粉界面影响下,采煤机前、后平滑靴与刮板输送机中部槽间的固-热-力耦合特性进行分析。结果表明:接触面间温度与滑靴受力、煤粉的状态有关,干煤粉界面下前后平滑靴的最高温度为460.04 K和433.73 K,最高温度位置在作用关节中心;含水煤粉界面下前后平滑靴的最高温度为438.31 K和418.62 K,最高温度位置同样位于作用关节中心。     

Effects of hydrocarbon impurities,vibrational relaxation,and boundary-layer-induced pressure rise on the ignition of H2–O2‒Ar mixtures behind reflected shock waves

The results of an experimental and theoretical study of the ignition of H₂–O₂?Ar mixtures behind reflected shock waves are reported. The experiments are performed with mixtures containing from 0.15 to 8.0% H₂ and from 0.75 to 2.0% O₂ at temperatures of 980–1800 K and a total gas concentration of (1.0 ± 0.1) × 10^?5 mol/cm³. The progress of the process is monitored by recording the time evolution of the pressure behind the reflected shock wave and the intensity of the chemiluminescence of electronically excited OH1 radicals (λ = 308 ± 2.5 nm). A numerical model capable of predicting the effects of additional factors, such as hydrocarbon impurities, the vibrational relaxation of the test mixture, and boundary-layer-induced pressure rise, is developed and used to simulate our own and published experimental data on the ignition of H₂–O₂?Ar mixtures. It is demonstrated that the best agreement between experimental and theoretical results is achieved when all the additional factors are taken into account. A sensitivity analysis shows that the effects of the vibrational relaxation of the test mixture and the presence of hydrocarbon impurities are significant only for lean mixtures, whereas the influence of the boundary-layer-induced pressure rise is important across a wide range of stoichiometries at long ignition delay times. Additionally, an analytical model is developed, which takes into account the finite time of the chain?propagation reactions O + H₂ and OH + H₂. The predictions of the numerical and analytical models are demonstrated to be in close agreement for a wide range of mixture compositions and experimental conditions.     

Breeding goal traits accounting for feed intake capacity and roughage or concentrate intake separately

Current breeding tools aiming to improve feed efficiency use definitions based on total dry matter intake (DMI); for example, residual feed intake or feed saved. This research aimed to define alternative traits using existing data that differentiate between feed intake capacity and roughage or concentrate intake, and to investigate the phenotypic and genetic relationships among these traits. The data set contained 39,017 weekly milk yield, live weight, and DMI records of 3,164 cows. The 4 defined traits were as follows: (1) Feed intake capacity (FIC), defined as the difference between how much a cow ate and how much she was expected to eat based on diet satiety value and status of the cow (parity and lactation stage); (2) feed saved (FS), defined as the difference between the measured and the predicted DMI, based on the regression of DMI on milk components within experiment; (3) residual roughage intake (RRI), defined as the difference between the measured and the predicted roughage intake, based on the regression of roughage intake on milk components and concentrate intake within experiment; and (4) residual concentrate intake (RCI), defined as the difference between the measured and the predicted concentrate intake, based on the regression of concentrate intake on milk components and roughage intake within experiment. The phenotypic correlations were ?0.72 between FIC and FS, ?0.84 between FS and RRI, and ?0.53 between FS and RCI. Heritability of FIC, FS, RRI, and RCI were estimated to be 0.21, 0.12, 0.15, and 0.03, respectively. The genetic correlations were ?0.81 between FS and FIC, ?0.96 between FS and RRI, and ?0.25 between FS and RCI. Concentrate intake and RCI had low heritability. Genetic correlation between DMI and FIC was 0.98. Although the defined traits had moderate phenotypic correlations, the genetic correlations between DMI, FS, FIC, and RRI were above 0.79 (in absolute terms), suggesting that these traits are genetically similar. Therefore, selecting for FIC is expected to simply increase DMI and RRI, and there seems to be little advantage in separating concentrate and roughage intake in the genetic evaluation, because measured concentrate intake was determined by the feeding system in our data and not by the genetics of the cow.     

中国玻璃钢/复合材料技术的兴起和发展

我国玻璃钢/复合材料技术源自1958年的七人研究小组,同年诞生第一块玻璃钢制品,依靠自力更生、艰苦奋斗、团结协作的精神,在国防工业的带动下,逐步形成和发展壮大起来。     

新三矿隐蔽致灾因素研究

为了进一步提高新三矿矿井的防灾能力,做到隐蔽致灾因素清晰明确,防治措施有效,通过对新三矿采空区、废弃采空区（井筒）、封闭不良钻孔,断层、裂隙、褶曲,陷落柱,瓦斯富集区,导水裂隙带,地下含水体,井下火区等不良地质体的分析研究,基本查明了新三矿的隐蔽至灾因素有采空区老空水、封闭不良钻孔、瓦斯、断层。通过相应的措施,为新三矿以后健康安全的发展指明了方向。